Contamination by skin flora during sampling: follow careful aseptic sampling procedure
Antibiotic treatment before sampling can inhibit bacterial growth leading to false-negative results
It is recommended to stop antibiotics before sample collection, if possible
5 days
Sample nature: Pus
Recommended volume: As much as possible
Type of container: Sterile container or Swab (eSwab preferably)
<2h at room temperature (<12h if swab with transport medium)
Risk factors for ESBL
If no severity signs (septic shock or “new” sepsis) then no carbapenem, even if there is a risk factor for ESBL.
If risk factor (cf below) and severity (sepsis, septic shock) consider:
add amikacin to empiric antibiotherapy (or gentamycine if not available)
prescription of imipenem or meropenem only in most serious cases and/or ESBL documentation within the last 3 months, until bacteriological documentation.
OTHER RISK FACTORS
Recent use of amoxicillin/clavulanate, second- or third-generation cephalosporins (C2G, C3G), or fluoroquinolones within the last 3 months.
Healthcare-associated infection.
Colonization or infection with ESBL-producing Enterobacterales within the last 3 months.
Travel within the past 3 months to high-risk regions (e.g., India, Southeast Asia, the Middle East, North Africa, Mediterranean basin).